some
some和any都表示 “一些” ,但是“some”用于肯定句 ,any用于否定句和疑问句。some用在肯定句里，any用在否定句和疑问句里。并且将这条规则作为解题的定理。
some和any的一般用法
1.some和any是限定词，它们与不可数名词和名词复数连用。它们的意思与不定冠词a/an大体相同。试比较：
I haven't got a car.我没有汽车。(单数可数名词)
Have you got anyaspirins?你有阿司匹林吗?(复数名词)
I need some medicine.我需要一点儿药。(不可数名词)
sme一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较:
I wantsome razor-blades.我要几个刀片。
Have you got any razor- blades?你有刀片吗?
Sorry， I haven' t got any razor- blades.对不起，我没有刀片。
当我们期待一个正面回答或要鼓励人家说“是”时，才在疑问句中用some。
Could I have some brown rice， please?请给我一些糙米，好吗？
Have you got someglasses you could lend me?你有没有几只玻璃杯可以借给我?
Would you likesome more beer?你还要再来点啤酒吗?
在实际上含否定意思的肯定句中要用any，例如可与 never，without， hardly， prevent等词连用。在与if连用的句子中，some和amy均可用。
Younever give me any help.你从未给过我任何帮助。
We got there without anytrouble.我们到了那儿，未遇到任何烦。
There's hardly anytea left.几乎没剩下什么茶。
The noise of the party preventedme from getting any sleep.晚会的吵闹声使我根本睡不着。
If you want some/anyhelp, let me know.你要是需要一些(任何)帮助，就告诉我。
请注意：如果some用作限定词(放在名词前，或在词组some more中)，一般要弱读成[sm]。
2.特别当我们谈到不确定的、未肯定的、未知的数目或数量时，用some和any。试比较：
You' ve got somegreat jazz record.你有一些很好的爵土乐唱片。
You' ve got beautiful toes.你的脚指头真漂亮。(假如某人说"You've got some beautiful toes，这就意味着哪几个脚指头是漂亮的还不能肯定—也许六个或七个，但不是全部十个。)
Would you like some morebeer?( as much as you like)你还要再来点啤酒吗?
We need beer, sugar, butter, eggs, rice, and toilet paper.(=the usual quantities）我们需要啤酒、糖、黄油、鸡蛋、大米和卫生纸。
Have you got anyanimals?你养什么动物了吗?
Do you like animals?(= all animals)你喜欢动物吗？
3.some和any可以用作代词
“Beer?"—“Thanks， I've got some！”“酒?”—“谢谢，我有一些。
“Did you get the oil?”—“No， they hadn't got any.”“你弄到油了吗?”—“没有，他们一点也没有。”
在另一限定词(冠词，指示词或物主词)或代词前，我们用some of和 any of 。
Would you like some of thesecigarettes?这些香烟，你是不是来几根？
I couldn't understand any of thelectures.这些报告我一个也不懂。
Have some of myice-cream.来点我的冰激凌。
I don't think any of uswant(s) to work tomorrow.我认为我们中没有任何人明天还要工作。
请注意：当any of后面跟复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数。在正式文体中，单数的动词更常用。
If any of your friends is/areinterested, let me know.要是你有任何朋友感兴趣，请告诉我。
当some用作代词(单独或与of连用)时，要重读成[sm]。试比较：
We need some oil.[sm]我们需要一些油。
I've lost some of the oil.[sm]我损失了一些油。
4.在否定句中，no或none可用来代替 not any，语气更强。
no是限定词，none是代词。试比较：
We haven't got anytime.我们没有时间。
We' ve got notime at all.我们一点时间也没有。
There aren't anyleft.什么也没剩下。
There are noneleft—not one.没剩下，连一个也没剩下。
(请记住：any通常与不可数名词和复数名词连用，而不与单数可数名词连用。我们说 I haven' t got a car，不能说I havent got any car.）
要表达no的含义，不能单独用any；需用not来表达否定的意思。
典型错误： I had anyideas； my head was completely empty.
应为:I didn't have anyideas…或 I had no ideas…）
some和any的用法怎么区分
一、some和any作为形容词或代词，可以用来说明或代替复数名词或不可数名词，表示不定量，意为“一些”，其区别是：对其所说明或代替的名词持肯定态度时，用some；持非肯定（否定或疑问）态度时，用any。
在以下句子中使用some：
1.肯定句（包括肯定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中肯定的陈述部分）。如：
There are some new books on the teacher's desk.
We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you, please.
He bought some bread, didn't he?
2.持肯定态度的一般疑问句。如：
Are there some stamps in that drawer?
Didn't she give you some money?
3.表示请求或建议的一般疑问句，通常都希望得到对方肯定的答复，所以也用some。如：
May I ask you some questions?
Would you like some tea?
4.特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。因为特殊疑问句和选择疑问句并不对some所说明或代替的名词表示疑问。如：
Where can I get some buttons?
Do you have some pens or pencils?
在以下句子中使用ANY：
1.否定句（包括否定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中否定的陈述部分）。如：
I can't give you any help now.
Do not make any noise.
There weren't any trees here, were there?
2.含有除not以外的其他否定词或否定结构的句子。如：
Jim hardly makes any mistakes in his homework.
He went to London without any money in his pocket.
She was too poor to buy any new clothes.
3.一般疑问句（持肯定态度的除外）。如：
Did she buy any tomatoes yesterday?
I want some paper. Do you have any?
4.条件状语从句。如：
If you are looking for any ink, you can find it on my desk.
If there are any good apples there, get me two kilos, please.
因为条件句“如果……”表达的也是不肯定的态度。所以，如果说话者持肯定的态度或期待得到肯定的答复时，则可以用some。如：
Bring me two pieces of paper if you have some.
5.whether/if（是否）引导的名词从句。如：
It is still unknown whether they have found any proof.
He asked if he could drink any cool water.
二、some还可表示“某些”或用在单数名词前表示“某一个”。any则可用于表示“任何一些”或“（至少3个中）任何一个”，二者均可用于肯定或非肯定的句子中。如：
I don't like some of them.
He is working at some place in the north.
Any criminal(s) will be punished.
You can take any of these.
三、some和any也可作为副词，用于比较级前，表示程度，意为“稍许，几分”，用法与其作形容词或代词表示“一些”时基本相同。如：
He feels some better now.
She was so tired that she could not go any further.
some还可以用在数字之前，意为“大约”。如：
He is some forty years old.
四、由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词和不定副词，其用法区别多与some和any相同。如：
Something is wrong with her eyes.
There is not anybody in this room.
Have you seen it anywhere?
Haven't you forgotten something?（持肯定态度）
